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The Specially Protected Natural Areas in the Baikal Natural Territory amount to 46 thousand square km, which is 12% of the area of BNT and about 2.3% of the area of all protected areas of the Russian Federation. Within the boundaries of the Central Ecological Zone «Baikal Natural Territory» and the World Natural Heritage Site «Lake Baikal», protected areas occupy 25.6 thousand square km (29% of the area of the CEZ).
The formation and functioning of protected areas in the Russian Federation is regulated by the Federal Law No.33-FZ «On Specially Protected Natural Areas» dated March 14, 1995.
In 2016, Item 2 Article 10 was amended by the Federal Law No. 254-FZ «On Introducing Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation» adopted on July 3, 2016. In accordance with the decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, biosphere proving grounds can be created on part of the territory of state nature reserves. The changes provided for by the Federal Law No. 486-FZ «On Introducing Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation» dated December 28, 2016 particularly affect the system of formation and management of dendrological parks and botanical gardens:
− dendrological parks and botanical gardens of federal significance are established by decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation, adopted on the proposal of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation (Item 1 Article 28.1 «Procedure for the creation of dendrological parks and botanical gardens»);
− dendrological parks and botanical gardens of regional significance are established by decisions of the supreme executive body of a subject of the Russian Federation; any decision on creation or changing the special protection regime shall be approved by the authorized federal executive body in the field of environmental protection, as well as by the federal executive body in the field of national defense and state security, if it is assumed the protected areas will include lands and other natural resources provided for the needs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, armed troops, other troops, military units and bodies (Article 28.2 «Procedure for the creation of dendrological parks and botanical gardens»). The objectives, functional zoning and features of the special protection regime for each dendrological park or botanical garden are determined by the regulations on this dendrological park or botanical garden (Item 3 Article 29 «Special protection regime for dendrological parks and botanical gardens»).
The Chikoy National Park is the «youngest» national park as of the time of its creation. It was established on February 28, 2014 by the Decree No. 158 of the Government of the Russian Federation for the purpose of protecting cedar forests and the South Siberian taiga with elements of mountain steppes and alpine meadows in the upper reaches of the Chikoy River. The park was created upon liquidation and, accordingly, with the inclusion of the Burkalsky Nature Reserve of federal significance and the Atsinsky Nature Reserve of regional significance. The national park is located on the Khentei-Daur Highlands in the upper reaches of the Chikoy River (in the Baikal basin).
In 2012, the FGBU (Federal State Budgetary Institution) «Zapovednoe Podlemorye» was established. It included the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, the Trans-Baikal National Park and the Frolikhinsky Nature Reserve.
In 2013, the FGBU (Federal State Budgetary Institution) «Zapovednoye Pribaikalye» including the Baikal-Lensky Nature Reserve and the Pribaikalsky National Park was organized.
Federal state budgetary institutions «Zapovednoye Podlemorye» and «Zapovednoye Pribaikalye» operate in accordance with the tasks assigned to them in the following areas: preservation of natural complexes and objects, scientific research, environmental and educational activities, creation of conditions for recreational and tourist activities and their organization.
List and description of protected areas on the BNT | ||
---|---|---|
title PA | PA area , ha ( in BNT , ha) | Ecol . BPT zone |
State natural reserves | ||
Baikal -Lena | 659919 | CEZ |
Baikal | 167871 | CEZ |
Barguzinsky | 366873 [including waters 15000] | CEZ |
Dzherginsky | 238088 | BEZ |
Sokhondinsky | 210988 42811 | BEZ |
National Parks | ||
Transbaikalia | 269002 [including waters 37000] | CEZ |
Baikal | 417297 | CEZ |
Tunkinsky | 1183662 108760 | CEZ |
Preserves federal | ||
Altacheysky | 78374 | BEZ |
Burkalsky | 195700 | BEZ |
Krasny Yar | 49120 | Ezawa |
Frolikhinsky | 109200 | CEZ |
Kabansky | 12255 | CEZ |
Regional sanctuaries | ||
Angirsky | 40380 | BEZ |
Atsinsky | 64500 | BEZ |
Borgoyskoy | 42180 | BEZ |
Butungarsky | 73500 | BEZ |
Upper Angara | 12290 | CEZ |
Ivano- Arahleysky | 210000 | BEZ |
Irkut | 29635 | Ezawa |
Kizhinginsky | 40070 | BEZ |
Kochergatsky | 12428 | CEZ |
Magdun | 77828 | Ezawa |
Pribaikalskiy | 73170 | CEZ |
Snezhinskiy | 238480 | CEZ |
Tugnuisky | 39360 | BEZ |
Tukolon | 109648 | Ezawa |
Uzkolugsky | 15330 | BEZ |
Ulyunsky | 18350 | BEZ |
Hudaksky | 50000 | BEZ |
Enheluksky | 14570 | CEZ |
The total area of protected areas | 5215830 | |
The total area of protected areas within the BPT | 3972751 | |
including Baikal water area included in OOPTT | 52000 |