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Monitoring State environmental monitoring Monitoring of hunting resources and their habitats Irkutsk region 2016 dataCharacteristics of habitat conditions
Meteorological conditions in most of the regions of the BPT in January and February 2016 did not differ abnormally. The weather was characterized by fairly low temperatures. In the northern areas of the BPT (Kazachinsko-Lenskiy, Kachugsky), the temperature dropped to -40° and lower, in the southern regions to -30°. At the end of March - early April, in view of the sharp fluctuations in daytime and night temperatures, the formation of the wind crust occurred. This adversely affected the survival of wild ungulates.
The arrival of spring in 2016 occurred in mid-April. The spring period was characterized by cold, unstable weather. The spring span of most species of waterfowl was friendly, passed in a fairly short time, in the first half of May. In connection with rare precipitation, forest fires were widespread. The hunting grounds in the mainland areas, as well as the areas adjacent to Lake Baikal, suffered the most from forest fires. Fires covered 15 to 20% of the forest area.
The meteorological conditions of the spring-summer period in most of the territory were characterized by dry and hot weather.
The period from June to July 2016 was characterized by warm and dry weather, in most areas of the region there was a drought, which led to the occurrence of forest fires, the main amount of which was recorded in the northern regions of the territory. Conditions for breeding offspring of waterfowl and grouse birds were favorable.
The late spring frosts were insignificant, the flowering of most species of berry bushes was satisfactory. The yield of berry bushes (blueberries, cranberries and cowberries) in the central and southern regions of the territory was assessed as "average" and "satisfactory".
In most areas, a "good" crop of cranberries was noted. In some places, the crop of rowan fruit was "medium". The crop of seeds of cedar and cedar pine in most areas of the BPT was estimated as "medium" or "good". The harvest of mushrooms in view of the dry summer was low. As an "average", the placentation of spruce and fir, and "good" for pine and larch were estimated.
In general, the supply of feed for typically taiga species of hunting animals (sable, bear) in 2016 was "satisfactory".
Feeding of most species of wild ungulates and hares (whitetail, hare) during the snowless period was high, as overgrown burning, as well as extensive areas of deforestation, have significant reserves of ramal (aspen, birch, willow) and herbaceous forages (cereals, legumes).
The rutting period for the elk, red deer and roe deer passed at regular intervals.
The autumn-winter period of 2016 (November-December), on BPT was very little snow and did not differ in strong and prolonged frosts. The air temperature in this period corresponded to the average long-term indicators.
Condition of hunting resources
Ungulates
Elk. In 2016, the post-hunting number of elk was 10 005 individuals. In comparison with 2015, the number increased by 4%. In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, a limit was set for the hunting of elk in the amount of 101 individuals.
Red deer (manchurian wapiti). One of the most common species of ungulates. The red deer are better than the elk adapts to habitat changes. In comparison with 2015, there was an increase in the number of red deer up to 21 231 individuals. In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, under the BPT, a limit for hunting of 297 individuals of the red deer is established. 297 individuals were hunted.
Roe deer. In 2016, the number of this species reached 35 518 individuals. In comparison with 2015, the number increased by 4%. Limit of roe deer's hunting in autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016 was increased, 1186 roe deers were hunted.
Musk deer. One of the main objects of market hunting. In 2016 there was an increase in the number of musk deer - up to 19 963 individuals. In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016 within the BPT, 503 individuals were officially hunted.
Wild reindeer. The Altai-Sayan population of the forest subspecies of reindeer is included in the Red Book of Russia. The main habitats of the Tuturo-Khandin (Baikal) population within the BPT are located on the territory of the Kachugsky and Kazachinsko-Lensk districts, in a limited number appears during the autumn-winter migrations in the territory of the Osinsky district. The number of this group in 2016 was estimated at 2616 individuals, which is 60 individuals higher than in 2015. Hunting licenses are issued mainly to Evenk hunters. In the season of 2015-2016, they hunted 51 individuals.
Fur species
Sable. The habitats of this animal are confined to the mountain-tidal type, and it occurs in other biotopes. The largest part of the livestock is concentrated in Kazachinsko-Lensk, Kachugsky, and Cheremkhovo, Usolsky, Shelekhov and Slyudyanka districts. In 2016 there was an increase in the number of species by 13%, to 22 176 individuals (in 2015 – 19 546 individuals). In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, the size of official hunting was 3582 individuals.
Squirrel. The post-hunting population of the species in 2016 was estimated at 91 270 individuals, higher than in 2015 (84 302 individuals). The official volume of hunting in 2015 - 2016 was 5050 individuals. The actual hunting is higher, since not all hunting sectors provide reporting data on the size of fur-bearing animals.
Blue-hare. Mass object of amateur and market hunting. The number of blue-hare in 2016 was 28 451 individuals, which is higher than the level of 2015 (25 925 individuals). In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, according to incomplete data, 698 hare was hunted. Actually, the volume of hunting is 3-4 times higher.
Brown hare. The distribution of the species is limited, mainly, to the field and forest-steppe lands of the western part of the BPT. Post-hunting numbers do not exceed 450-500 individuals.
Siberian striped weasel. In 2016, the number of animals was estimated at 1384 individuals, which is below the level of 2015 (1411 individuals). According to official data, in open season of 2015-2016, about 450 individuals were hunted.
Ermine. On most part of the BPT, the ermine resources are not worked up. In the reports of the hunting farms the information on its hunting is incomplete. In the hunting season of 2015-2016, the most likely size of hunting is 150-200 individuals. The state of the population is quite stable. In 2016, the post-hunting population was estimated at 3500 individuals, which is slightly higher than in 2015 (2700 individuals).
Fox. In 2016 there was an increase in the number of foxes to 2600 individuals in comparison with 2015 (2300 individuals). In the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, 169 individuals were hunted. The actual size of hunting is much higher. Without damage to the population, the volume of hunting can be increased by 2-3 times.
Mink, otter. The estimation of the number of mink and otter is based on the data of the survey of hunters. According to their information, about 800 mink and 50 otter dwellers inhabited the BPT in 2016. Within the BPT, the otter is a small species. The otter is included in the regional Red Book. Hunting for it is prohibited. The mink within the BPT is hunted in small volumes.
Muskrat. Just like the American mink, it is an acclimatized species. Within the BPT in 2016, according to surveys of hunters, there were about 2700 individuals of the muskrat. The size of official hunting is small - 40-50 animals. The actual hunting is about ten times or more higher.
Badger. The main habitats of the badger are the southern and forest-steppe areas of the BPT. In 2016 the number was approximately 430 individuals. The object of amateur and sport hunting, marketing has no meaning. The established limit of badger’s hunting during the open season of 2015-2016 - 65 individuals, its official size is 5 individuals.
Large predatory animals
Wolf. The number of wolves according to the results of ZMU in 2016 reaches 1053 individuals, which is higher than the level of 2015 (902 individuals). The highest number of this predator in the Kachugsky and Kazachinsko-Lensky regions. In open season of 2015-2016, within the BPT, 104 wolves were hunted (in 2015, 151 wolves).
Lynx, Wolverine. The number of wolverine is not great and does not exceed 90 individuals. Lynx more numerous, in 2016, its livestock was estimated at 600 individuals. Hunting of these species is limited. During the autumn-winter open season of 2015-2016, 8 individuals were hunted.
Bear. During the period of ZMU is in a state of winter sleep, so the basic information about the state of population is obtained from hunters. From these data it follows, that the number and density of the bear population are everywhere high and corresponds to the capacity of hunting grounds. In 2016, the bear population was estimated at 3285 individuals, which is higher than the number of 2015 (1276 individuals). In the season of 2015-2016, in the hunting grounds of the BPT, the official size of the hunting was 89 individuals.
Upland fowl
Wood grouse. In 2016, the post-hunting abundance according to ZMU data was estimated at 62 657 individuals. This is higher than the number of 2015 (58 915 individuals). Limit on hunting of the wood grouse, as well as other species of feathered game, in 2015-2016 was not established, the market load on the population is regulated by day and seasonal hunting rates. Official information on the extraction of wood grouse is greatly understated. According to expert estimates, 2000-3000 of these birds are hunted within the BPT during the open season.
Hazel grouse. In 2016, the post-hunting population was estimated at 357 035 individuals, which is higher than the 2015 population (321 150 individuals). Used as an object of amateur hunting. Official information on hunting is greatly understated. The estimated volume of hunting is between 5000 and 10000 individuals.
Black grouse. A species that has been depressed for a long time, the main cause of which is the death of birds from the chemical treatment of agricultural land. In 2016, the post-hunting population of the black grouse was estimated at 240 889 individuals, which is higher than the 2015 population (133 668 individuals). Such growth was facilitated by the formation of sod fields, the regeneration of cutover stands and burned areas with deciduous young stock. The hunting of black grouse in the open season of 2015-2016 did not exceed 1000-1500 birds.
White and tundra partridge. Both species live mainly in the golts and sub-golts zones of the Eastern Sayans and the Baikal Range. Special accounts are not conducted. The probable number within the BPT is 1500 individuals. Hunted in a single quantity.
The bearded (Daurian) partridge. For a long time hunting for the Daurian partridge in the Irkutsk region was banned. Since 2010, in connection with the restoration of the population, partridge from the list of specially protected objects of the animal world is excluded and is currently the object of hunting. Inhabits, mainly, within the Kachug and Olkhon districts. It also occurs in Cheremkhovo, Usolsk and some other areas. The total number of bearded partridges in 2016 was estimated at 36 851 individuals, which is significantly lower than in 2015 (61 540 individuals).
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