Protection of lake

• Data of automatic monitoring stations
• Environmental satellite monitoring system for Baikal natural area
• State environmental monitoring of Lake Baikal for the year 2012
• State environmental monitoring of Lake Baikal for the year 2015

Land

Data is provided by Irkutsk Region Office of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr); Buryat Republic Office of Rosreestr; Trans-Baikal Territory Office of Rosreestr; Siberian Branch of FGUNPP Rosgeolfond

In Irkutsk Region, the most significant changes occurred in 2012 with respect to agricultural land, forest reserve land and reserve lands.  Industrial land, lands of settlements and specially protected territories were subject to minor changes. Water reserve lands have remained unchanged.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the most significant changes occurred in 2012 with respect to reserve, agricultural and settlement lands. Industrial land, other special-purpose lands, and lands of specially protected territories have changed less significantly. Forest reserve and water reserve lands have remained unchanged.

 

In Trans-Baikal Territory, changes occurred in 2012 with respect to industrial land, other special-purpose lands, agricultural and reserve lands. Lands of settlements, specially protected territories, forest reserve and water reserve have not changed. 

Agricultural land. As of January 01, 2013, the area of agricultural land in the Baikal Natural Area was 4,988.841 thousand hectares, having increased by 11.486 thousand hectares from the previous year. The increase was accounted for by lands in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia. In Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of agricultural land has decreased.

In Irkutsk Region, the total area of agricultural land has increased by 10.795 thousand hectares. The Decree of the Government of Irkutsk Region dated May 16, 2012 No. 2352 “On Abolition of Item 3 of the Decree of the Head of Irkutsk District dated December 21, 2005 No. 5818” has converted 7.234 thousand hectares of forest reserve land to agricultural land. 2012 saw the implementation of Decrees of the Mayor of Irkutsk District No. 5320 dated October 12, 2011 and No. 5393 dated October 17, 2011 “On Conversion of Reserve Lands to Agricultural Land” with respect to 4.385 thousand hectares of land. At the same time, 0.283 thousand hectares of agricultural land was converted to land of settlements. In Usoliye District, the area of agricultural land has increased by 0.014 thousand hectares by a conversion from reserve lands.

The area of agricultural land has decreased in Shelekhov District (by 0.269 thousand hectares), Cheremkhovo District (by 0.153 thousand hectares) and Osa District (by 0.005 thousand hectares) by a conversion to industrial lands; in Angarsk District (by 0.145 thousand hectares) and Kachug District (by 0.010 thousand hectares) by a conversion to land of settlements; in Olkhon District (by 0.044 thousand hectares) and Bayandai District (by 0.006 thousand hectares) by a conversion to industrial land and lands of specially protected territories. 

In the Republic of Buryatia, the area of agricultural land has increased by 0.883 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase was accounted for by reserve lands (amendment of data in accordance with the State Real Estate Cadaster and the Unified State Register of Real Properties and Transactions Therewith) in Mukhorshibir District (0.891 thousand hectares) and Bichura District (0.511 thousand hectares). In Tarbagatai District, the area of agricultural land has increased by 0,010 thousand hectares by a conversion from industrial land. The area of agricultural land has decreased by 0.526 thousand hectares by a conversion to land of settlements and industrial land (in Ivolginsk, Yeravninsky, Severobaikalsk, Tunkinsky, Barguzin, Kabansk, Dzhidinsky and Kyakhta Districts).

In Severobaikalsk District, 0.003 thousand hectares were converted to lands of specially protected territories.

In Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of agricultural land has decreased by 0.192 thousand hectares from 2011. The decrease was accounted for by a conversion of agricultural land to industrial land in Krasnochikoisky District (0.153 thousand hectares), Ulyoty District (0.017 thousand hectares), Chita District (0.013 thousand hectares) and Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky District (0.009 thousand hectares).

As of January 01, 2013, the total area of land of settlements within the limits of BNA was 310.502 thousand hectares, having increased by 0.886 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase was accounted for by lands in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia. In Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of land of settlements has remained unchanged.

In Irkutsk Region, the area of land of settlements has increased by 0.428 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase was accounted for by Irkutsk District (0.283 thousand hectares) and Angarsk District (0.145 thousand hectares) due to a conversion from agricultural land.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the area of land of settlements increased in 2012 by 0.458 thousand hectares. This included 0.409 thousand hectares of land converted from agricultural land (in Ivolginsk, Yeravninsky, Tunkinsky, Barguzin, Kabansk and Kyakhta Districts) and 0.048 thousand hectares of land converted from reserve lands (Mukhorshibir, Barguzin and Bichura Districts). In addition, the area of land of settlements in Kabansk District has increased by 0.001 thousand hectares due to a conversion from lands of specially protected territories.

This category is difficult to organize in a streamlined way, because virtually all settlements have no established borders until now. This hampers a more accurate and appropriate processing of issues related to the allocation of land to legal entities and individuals and appropriate inventory of land actually occupied by settlements.

As of January 01, 2013, the total area of land designated for industry, transport and communications within the limits of BNA was 871.594 thousand hectares, having increased by 1.020 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase occurred in all entities included in BNA.

In 2012, the area of industrial land and other special-purpose lands in Irkutsk Region has increased by 0.607 thousand hectares by a conversion from agricultural land, including 0.269 thousand hectares in Shelekhov District, 0.153 thousand hectares in Cheremkhovo District, 0.010 thousand hectares in Kachug District, 0.006 thousand hectares in Olkhon District, 0.005 thousand hectares in Osa District, and 0.003 thousand hectares in Bayandai District. The area of land of this category has increased by a conversion from reserve lands by 108 thousand hectares in Cheremkhovo District, by 0.012 thousand hectares in Usoliye District, and by 0.010 thousand hectares in Irkutsk District. In Shelekhov District, the increase of 0.028 thousand hectares was due to a conversion from forest reserve land. In Angarsk District, 0.003 thousand hectares of lands of specially protected territories have been converted to industrial land.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the area of land of this category increased from 2011 to 2012 by 0.184 thousand hectares, including 0.117 thousand hectares by a conversion from agricultural land (in Ivolginsk, Yeravninsky, Severobaikalsk and Tunkinsky Districts) and 0.77 thousand hectares by a conversion from reserve lands (in Kurumkan, Bichura, Mukhorshibir and Kabansk Districts). In Tarbagatai District, the area of industrial land has decreased by 0.010 thousand hectares by a conversion to agricultural land.

In Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of land designated for industry, transport and communications has increased by 0.229 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase was accounted for by a conversion of agricultural and reserve lands to this category in Krasnochikoisky District (0.189 thousand hectares), Ulyoty District (0.017 thousand hectares), Chita District (0.013 thousand hectares) and Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky District (0.010 thousand hectares).

Lands of specially protected territories. As of January 01, 2013, the area of lands of specially protected territories within the limits of BNA was 3,150.391 thousand hectares, having increased by 0.044 thousand hectares from 2011. The increase was accounted for by lands in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia.

In Irkutsk Region, the total area of land of this category has increased by 0.042 thousand hectares from the previous year. The area of lands of specially protected territories in Olkhon, Cheremkhovo and Bayandai Districts has increased by a conversion from agricultural land. In Usoliye District, the increase was accounted for by a conversion from reserve lands. A minor decrease occurred in Angarsk District by a conversion to industrial land.

The area of lands of specially protected territories in the Republic of Buryatia has increased by 0.002 thousand hectares from 2011 to 2012. In Severobaikalsk District, the area of this category of land has increased by conversion of 0.003 thousand hectares of agricultural land. In Kabansk District, the area of this category of land has decreased by 0.001 thousand hectares due to a conversion to land of settlements.

Forest reserve land. As of January 01, 2013, the total area of forest reserve land in BNA was 31,624.826 thousand hectares. In 2012, the area of this category of land has decreased by 7.301 thousand hectares. The decrease was accounted for by Irkutsk Region. In the Republic of Buryatia and Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of forest reserve land has remained unchanged.

In Irkutsk Region, the area of forest reserve land has decreased by 7.301 thousand hectares, including 7.273 thousand hectares converted to agricultural land in Irkutsk District and 0.028 thousand hectares converted to land designated for industry, transport and communications in Shelekhov District.

As of January 01, 2013, the total area of water reserve land within the limits of BNA was 3,466.424 thousand hectares, remaining at the level of 2011.

Reserve lands.  As of January 01, 2013, the area of land of this category within the limits of BNA was 823.211 thousand hectares, having decreased by 6.135 thousand hectares from the previous year. The decrease occurred in all entities included in BNA.

In Irkutsk Region, the area of reserve lands has decreased from 2011 to 2012 in three districts included in BNA. In Irkutsk District, the area of reserve lands has decreased by 4.433 thousand hectares by a conversion to agricultural and industrial lands. In Cheremkhovo District, the area of reserve lands has decreased by 0.111 thousand hectares due to a conversion to industrial land. In Usoliye District, a minor decrease (by 0.027 thousand hectares) was due to a conversion to agricultural land, industrial land and lands of specially protected territories.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the area of this category of land has decreased by 1.527 thousand hectares from 2011. This was due to a decrease in Mukhorshibir District (by 0.945 thousand hectares) and Bichura District (by 0.541 thousand hectares) as a result of a conversion to agricultural, settlement and industrial lands. A minor decrease in the area occurred in Kurumkan and Kabansk Districts by a conversion to industrial land. In Baguzin District, the area of reserve lands has decreased by 0.013 thousand hectares due to a conversion to land of settlements.

In Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of reserve lands has decreased by 0.037 thousand hectares due to a decrease in Krasnochikoisky District (by 0.036 thousand hectares) and Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky District (by 0.001 thousand hectares) as a result of conversion to lands designated for industry, transport and communications.

Lands are the main element of state land inventory and are divided into agriculturally used lands (plough land, fallow land, hayland, pasture and perennial plantations) and non-agricultural lands (forests, shrubs, swamps, roads, built-up areas, ravines, sand, etc.). 

In BNA, the area of agriculturally used lands has decreased by 8.315 thousand hectares in 2012.

In Irkutsk Region, the area of agriculturally used lands has decreased by 0.014 thousand hectares, including 0.009 thousand hectares of pasture and 0.005 thousand hectares of plough land. The area of fallow land, perennial plantations and hayland has remained unchanged.

In the Republic of Buryatia, the area of agriculturally used lands has decreased by 8.301 thousand hectares, including 3.917 thousand hectares of hayland, 2.877 thousand hectares of pasture, 1.339 thousand hectares of plough land, and 0.169 thousand hectares of perennial plantations.

The area of fallow land has remained unchanged.

In Trans-Baikal Territory, the total area of agriculturally used lands has not changed. 1.124 thousand hectares of plough land has been converted to fallow land. The area of perennial plantations, hayland and pasture has remained unchanged.

Figure 1.2.3.3 shows the ownership structure of land. In accordance with Article 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, ownership of land can be private, government, municipal or other. Under current laws, both individuals and legal entities can have private ownership of land. Based on statistical surveys, as of January 01, 2013, individuals and legal entities owned 2,536.911 thousand hectares of land in BNA or 5.6% of the total area of land resources in BNA. Government and municipally owned land accounts for 42,698.878 thousand hectares or 94.4%. In 2012, the area of government and municipally owned land has decreased by 3.227 thousand hectares and that of privately owned land by 2.536 thousand hectares due to transfers of the ownership to legal entities.

Conclusions

In general, the reallocation of land between different categories was insignificant in BNA in 2012. Changes affected reserve lands (a 0.7% decrease), land of settlements (a 0.3% increase), agricultural land (a 0.2% increase), industrial land (a 0.1% increase), forest reserve land (a 0.02% decrease) and lands of specially protected territories (a 0.001% increase). The area of water reserve land has remained unchanged. The changes were mainly due to conversions of forest reserve land and reserve lands to agricultural land.

The conversion between categories is an ongoing process. A category may be changed due to the allocation of land plots, allotment of land for public and municipal needs, reinstatement of the category for exhausted or reclaimed land, confiscation of land, termination of land rights, or land abandonment. Changes are associated with land reforms, provision of land to individuals and legal entities, updates based on surveys, adjustments and land inventory.

Recommendations

1. In order to establish boundaries of suburban areas of cities, planning documentation (on territorial planning and zoning) should be prepared in accordance with the Urban Planning Code and the Land Code of the Russian Federation. 

Table 1.2.3.1

Land resource in the Baikal Natural Area by land category as of January 01, 2013

Land category	Irkutsk Region	Republic of Buryatia	Trans-Baikal Territory	Total BNA
	2011*, hectares	2012, hectares	percentage of 2011	2011*, hectares	2012, hectares	percentage of 2011	2011*, hectares	2012, hectares	percentage of 2011	2011*, hectares	2012, hectares	percentage of 2011
1. Agricultural land	1359350	1370145	0.79	2653797	2654680	0.03	964208	964016	-0.02	4977355	4988841	0.23
2. Land of settlements	146378	146806	0.29	134520	134978	0.34	28718	28718	0	309616	310502	0.29
Lands of industry, power engineering, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, information technology, space activities support, defence, security and other special-purpose lands	112141	112748	0.54	482633	482817	0.04	275800	276029	0.08	870574	871594	0.12
Lands of specially protected territories	967093	967135	0.004	2093341	2093343	0.0001	89913	89913	0	3150347	3150391	0.001
5. Forest reserve land**	9456005	9448704	-0.08	15319018	15319018	0	6857104	6857104	0	31632127	31624826	-0.02
6. Water reserve land	1328539	1328539	0	2124592	2124592	0	13293	13293	0	3466424	3466424	0
7. State reserve lands	134780	130209	-3.51	527664	526137	-0.29	166902	166865	-0.02	829346	823211	-0.74

Notes: * Excluding Muisky District, because only 9% of the total area of the district is included in BNA.

                      ** Deviations from item 1.2.4. “Forests” are due to the fact that in this section, the area of land categories is reported as a district total, while item 1.2.4. provides data for districts within the limits of BNA only.

Downward change              Upward change                                 No change

Table 1.2.3.2

Agriculturally used lands in BNA as of January 01, 2013, hectares

Municipal Entity	total area, agricultural	plough land	fallow land	perennial plantations	hayland	pasture
IRKUTSK REGION
Irkutsk	1967	661	0	869	74	363
Usoliye-Sibirskoye	838	273	0	406	141	18
Cheremkhovo	1232	420	0	430	108	274
Angarsk District	15840	8875	0	3623	1856	1486
Irkutsk District	124716	79424	26	5949	15759	23558
Kazachinsko-Lensky District	16161	3375	0	24	8673	4089
Kachug District	175032	102653	1546	24	24726	46083
Olkhon District	56858	6335	0	0	7453	43070
Slyudyanka District	2733	542	367	292	1430	102
Usoliye District	74340	47996	0	1803	9415	15126
Cheremkhovo District	167037	118798	471	636	16451	30681
Shelekhov District	8021	3804	0	1104	1625	1488
Bayandai District	133556	83243	0	0	8489	41824
Bokhan District	150452	96059	0	0	10750	43643
Osa District	90264	63765	0	0	4183	22316
Ekhirit-Bulagatsky District	181340	65476	0	0	46998	68866
Total Irkutsk Region	1200387	681699	2410	15160	158131	342987
REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA
Severobaikalsk	371	2	0	177	2	190
Ulan-Ude	3554	859	10	1215	87	1383
Barguzin District	89648	27983	1046	14	17768	42 837
Bichura District	166485	89151	125	105	14751	62353
Dzhidinsky District	324223	96908	6518	0	20944	199853
Yeravninsky District	428167	80155	16508	0	3 6932	294572
Zaigrayevo District	106238	30671	10341	1772	15528	47926
Zakamensk District	154635	15193	4285	174	27305	107678
Ivolginsk District	74952	30013	0	414	10478	34047
Kabansk District	90787	50390	603	404	20387	19003
Kizhinga District	147835	3051 1	4891	0	35131	77302
Kurumkan District	119995	39948	262	12	25937	53836
Kyakhta District	199147	59285	1091	0	17968	120803
Mukhorshibir District	231686	101042	4500	42	15637	110465
Pribaikalsky District	32420	14626	208	385	8226	8975
Severobaikalsk District	15972	2887	0	346	3796	8943
Selenginsk District	234867	51446	3537	1786	25814	152284
Tarbagatai District	90723	46532	3861	1124	6426	32780
Tunkinsky District	102347	29150	1385	3	14326	57483
Khorinsk District	167554	23142	51	4	24596	119761
Total Republic of Buryatia	2781606	819894	59222	7977	342039	1552474
TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY
Krasnochikoisky District	131804	10640	45378	20	23275	52491
Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky District	72992	9705	21493	17	15589	26188
Ulyoty District	181043	5889	88821	79	32503	53751
Khilok District	144199	5042	12836	21	56698	69602
Chita District	213587	54804	17525	2364	51088	87806
Total Trans-Baikal Territory	743625	86080	186053	2501	179153	289838
Total BNA	4725618	1587673	247685	25638	679323	2185299

Сельскохозяйственные	Agricultural
Поселений	Settlements
Промышленности	Industrial
ООТ	Specially protected territories
Лесного фонда	Forest reserve
Водного фонда	Water reserve
Запаса	Reserve lands
В стадии мелиоративного строительства	Under reclamation
Лесные	Forest
Под древесно-кустарниковой растительностью	Under trees and shrubs
Под водой	Under water
Земли застройки	Development land
Под дорогами	Under roads
Болота	Swamps
Нарушенные земли	Disturbed land
Прочие	Other
Менее 1 %	Less than 1%
Рис. 1.2.3.1. Распределение земельного фонда БПТ по категориям по состоянию на 01,01.2013	Figure 1.2.3.1. Land resources of BNA by category as of January 01, 2013
Рис. 1.2.3.1. Распределение земельного фонда БПТ по угодьям по состоянию на 01,01.2013	Figure 1.2.3.1. Land resources of BNA by land type as of January 01, 2013
В государственной и муниципальной собственности	Government and municipally owned
В собственности граждан	Privately owned
В собственности юридических лиц	Owned by legal entities
Рис, 1.2.3.3. Структура собственности на землю БПТ по состоянию на 01.01.2013	Figure 1.2.3.3. Ownership of land in BNA as of January 01, 2013
Пашни	Plough land
Залеж	Fallow land
Многолетние насаждения	Perennial plantations
Сенокосы	Hayland
Пастбища	Pasture
Рнс. 1.2.3.4, Структура сельскохозяйственных угодий БПТ по состоянию на 01.01.2013	Figure 1.2.3.4. Agriculturally used lands in BNA as of January 01, 2013

Source: The State Report “On the State of the Lake Baikal and Measures for Its Protection in 2012”, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation