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Protection of lake Ecological monitoring Natural and man-made objects Other natural and man-made objectsOther Natural Man-Made Facilities
The data were provided by the following organizations: Republican Analytics Center GP, Siberia Branch of Rosgeolfond FGUNPP,
The man-constructed facilities within the following industrial hubs continue to act as the permanent sources of impact on the environment of the Baikal Natural Area:
- in South Baikal Region -- Slyudyanka City (extraction enterprises, utilities);
- Nizhneselenginsky -- Selenginsky TsKK, Kamensk Settlement, Timlyuyskaya HPP;
- Ulan-Udensky -- enterprises within Ulan-Ude City;
- Gusinoozersky -- Gusinoozerskaya GRES, coal mining enterprises;
- Zakamensky -- Dzhidinsky GOK.
This Subsection presents the data on the conditions and changes of the environment at the man-construction facilities locations. The data on the man-inflicted impact of these facilities (emissions, discharges, wastes) are presented in Subsections Industrial Hubs and Center, Fuel and Power Industry.
South Baikal industrial hub incorporates (in addition to the Baikal TsBK and enterprises within Baikalsk City) the territory of the south-western shore of the Baikal Lake along the Trans-Siberian Mainline. This area hosts a large transport and industrial hub -- Slyudyanka City, a number of settlements and railway stations.
Slyudyanka City hosts enterprises of the construction materials industry, large railway station, smaller boiler houses. the large environmental pollution sources are located in Slyudyanka City -- enterprises of the construction industry. Pereval Pit is used to perform extraction of marble for the cement production. The extraction technological processes (explosive operations, drilling, loading and unloading of rock mass, splitting) are associated with intensive dust and gas generation. The contamination spread area from Slyudyanka City amounts to ca 20 km2, while a significant share of the discharges is settled within the Baikal Lake basin.
Eastern Siberian Railways regularly perform the shore-strengthening works along the Baikal Lake, ensuring, thus, safety in transportation operations and at the same time facilitating sustainable conditions for onshore ecosystems.
Nizhneselenginsky Industrial Hub Selenginsky TsKK is located at a distance of 50 km from the Baikal Lake. The production of main goods (sulphate cellulose and tared carton) shall be accompanied by manufacturing of side products -- sulphate soap and sulphate turpentine, which are, in their turn, shall produce oil and clean turpentine. The sulphate cellulose shall be produced, using the the water solutions of NaOH and Na2S, waste of the main production -- used lignin and oil. The harmful substances, produced within the technological production processes, are used to identify the complex of polluting agents in the groundwater within the impact area of this site. The groundwater monitoring results across the wells networks, used to control the territory of STsKK since 1984, demonstrate a sustainable contamination level with sulphate at the concentration of 50-100 mg/dm3 during various years. The sulphate contamination shall be accompanied by an increase of concentration in the groundwater of the natrium chloride and other macrocomponents with an increase in the mineralization (based on the dry remnants) up to 2 g/dm3 and higher. The groundwater demonstrated lingin and oil; their contamination shall progress by oil products, associated with infiltration of the wastewater, containing the oil products with the concentration of up to 14.0 mg/dm3.
In 2012, the concentration level of the pollutants within the groundwater within the impact level of the Selenginsky TsKK amounted to: oil products -- 3.6 MAC, iron -- 15.4 MAC, manganese -- 21 MAC< sulphates -- 23 MAC, fluorides -- 8 MAC, dry remnants -- 1.3 MAC.
The oil products concentration levels within the impact area of the Timlyusky HHP Industrial Plant amounted to 1.9 MAC, iron -- 27 MAC, manganese -- 20.7 MAC.
Gusinoozersky industrial hub The region of Gusinoozersk City hosts GRES, coal mining enterprises (Kholbodzhinsky cut, Gusinoozserskaya mine), fresh groundwater field "Yelnik", mud pits, bricks plant.
In 2012, the groundwater monitoring was performed with the impact area of the industrial site of OGK-3 OJSC Gusinoozerkskaya GREZ, gold mine and industrial waste field at Gusinoozerskaya GRES. Within the impact area of the industrial site there was registered an excessive value of the rated indicator for the contents of the following ingredients: sulphates -- 1.24 MAC, chlorides -- 6.8 MAC, natrium up to 2.1 MAC, iron up to 196.5 MAC, ammonia up to 2.5 MAC, manganese up to 49.2 MAC, lead up to 17.6 MAC.
Versus the previous year, in 2012 there was a decrease in the phenols concentration level from 27.0 up to 14 MAC, oil products from 7.7 up to 3.8 MAC. Within the gold mine region and industrial waste field there was observed an excessive value of the allowed concentrations for the iron up to 14 MAC (14.03 mg/dm3) and manganese up to 1.75 MAC (0.175 mg/dm3).
The territory of the industrial hub hosts the fresh groundwater deposit in the valley of the Yelnik River, which is promising for water supply of Gusinoozersk City, suffering from acute deficit of the high-quality drinking water. The exploitation reserves of the Yelnik deposit are preliminarily appraised in the beginning of the 1980s. Currently, a part of this deposit and the area of generation of its resources are not being protected with buildings being put up on its territory, which results each year in a risk of contamination of the groundwater of this deposit -- the only source of high-quality drinking water for the population of Gusinoozersk City.
Ulan-Ude Industrial Hub The Ulan-Ude industrial hub hosts the plants (aviation, locomotive and repairs, instrument construction, etc.), power industry enterprises (HHP-1, HHP-2), plants of the foods, light, wood-processing industries, smaller furniture production facilities, oil bases and a large number of gas stations.
In 2012, in the territory of Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant OJSC in the groundwater, located within the fuel and lubrication warehouse site featured the concentration of phenols of 171 MAC (17.1 mg/dm3). In the well, located below the fuel and lubrication warehouse along the stream of the groundwater, the oil products concentration in 2011 equaled 14,500 MAC (1450 mg/dm3), in 2012 there was found kerosene. At the site of location of Ulan-Ude Locomotive and Railway Car Repairs Plant (Branch of Zheldorremash OJSC) there was registered an extremely high level of the groundwater with phenols (8,400 MAC), oil products (7.5 MAC), fluoride (4.4 MAC), iron (49 MAC). Within the impact area of TGK-14 OJSC (HHP-1) there were registered cases of excessive values of the maximum allowed concentrations in the groundwater for the following components: lead -- up to 3.2 MAC, oil products -- 5.3-10.5 MAC, cadmium -- 1.1-22 MAC, fluorine -- 1.15-8.4 MAC, manganese -- 1.1-2 MAC, permanganat oxidability -- 5.12 MAC (25.6 mgO/dm3).
Within the impact area of TGK-14 OJSC (HHP-2), there were registered cases of high contents in the groundwater of manganese (1.4-30.0 MAC), oil products (1.1-2.2 MAC), cadmium (11 MAC). Within the area of location of Aerofuels LLC GSM (left shore of the Selenga River), there was registered the concentration level of oil products in the groundwater of 2.1 MAC, while within the area of location of Buryat-Terminal OJSC oil base (right shore of the Selenga River) -- up to 14.8 MAC.
Zakamensky Industrial Hub In this industrial hub for over 60 years there have been performed the works to develop the tungsten-molybdenum ores (Dzidinsky GOK). The enterprise terminated its operations in 1996, but its facilities (piles of rocks, drainage waters, waste pits) continue to create high load on the environment.
There is a more detailed description on the impact of the Dzidisnky GOK on the environmental conditions, including surface water and ground water, in Subsection Mineral and Raw Material Resources.
Conclusions
1. In 2012, in the territory of Ulan-Ude and Nizhneselenginsky industrial hubs the intensive of contamination of groundwater, as during the previous years, has continued to be high. The non-compliance with the groundwater use requirements occur mainly at the territories of the industrial hubs, demonstrated by the groundwater pollution. The specially hazardous pollution sources continue to occur within the Ulad-Ude industrial hub (the settler of the locomotive and railway car repairs plant, ash collected of HHP, fuel and lubrication warehouses). Oil products, phenols, sulphates, fluorides, iron and manganese compounds are the major pollutants.
2. Within the territory of the Gusinoozersky industrial hub the contamination of the groundwater of the low-capacity quaternary and low Cretaceous aquifers continued at the site of the Gusinoozerskaya GRES (ash collectors, industrial site, ancillary facilities).
3. Within the territory of the Zakamensky industrial hub the negative impact on the surface water and groundwater continues to be sustained by the facilities of the inactive Dzidisnky GOK -- rocks collectors, water pits.
Source: the materials of the state report on the conditions of the Baikal Lake and measures for its protection in 2012 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
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